Underlying Corruption :: Underlying Corruption Short Story Essays

Basic Corruption Long shadows wandered through the obscured house, lightning strobing their activities on the dividers. Jeremy remained in obscurity kitchen, holding a little crisis flame and a crate of matches. Shoeless in pants, and an unfastened wool, his casual look gave a false representation of his perspective. The sights and hints of the night made him delay. Keeping tail still, he listened eagerly, seeking after the sounds to be the pooch or perhaps some livestock. The clamors that welcomed him were no such thing. The breeze and downpour made the trees stream and the windows clatter. Traveling through the old house, Jeremy stumbled over grouped furnishings, attempting to explore in the irregular light. The power had gone out several minutes prior to, leaving just the lightning to help Jeremy discover the kitchen. Outside, the breeze was pounding at the windows. Delicate grass folded under remote, unliving feet. Around the house, the makers of those shadows moved gradually past the windows. Jeremy at last got the light lit and made a beeline for the flatware cabinet. The meandering fire of the flame painted increasingly shocking shadows on the kitchen dividers. Snatching a handfull of blades, he chose the biggest, and outfitted himself. Slow feet walked along the broke walkway, outside. A torn pantleg hauled behind, catching the brambles. The smell of wet cement blended in with poisonous scents. Another abnormal shadow passed the kitchen window. Jeremy got just the last part of it in an irregular glimmer of lightning. Fixing his hold on the blade, he stood tuning in. The sounds that came were not empowering. As the pale, torn hand grabbed at the screen entryway handle, a worn out foot slapped straight on the initial step, outside. Bits of creepy crawly eaten substance hung inertly. A hard finger gradually grabbed for the screen entryway button. The dull white bone scratched along the dark metal. Inside, the sound resounded in the overwhelming quiet. Jeremy solidified, at that point moved in the direction of the entryway. A low moan ascended in his throat as fear folded its frosty fingers over his heart. Another strobe of lightning outlined a dim figure in the entryway. Jeremy gazed at the entryway for a second, at that point hurried to the main room, a few doors down. Blade close by, he adjusted the corner and into the room. Opening up the storeroom entryway, he dove in. Anxiously, yet attempting to be incredibly tranquil, he rifled through the storage room.

Homework Should Be Abolished Essay

It is a typical feeling to understudies with respect to the dislike of schoolwork, however armies of educators know better since they perceive the significance of schoolwork in the achievement of understudies in school and outside of school. I totally can't help contradicting the explanation that schoolwork ought to be nullified. School without schoolwork isn't a picture I can understand. There are numerous reasons why schoolwork ought not be nullified as it is significantly gainful towards the understudy. Schoolwork improves the soundness of the understudy in school permitting them to invest their energy carefully and not just spotlight on play. It permits the educator to recognize the student’s shortcomings and thusly allowing them a chance to improve and obtain new aptitudes. Likewise, requiring significant investment every night to do schoolwork is an opportunity for understudies to get up to speed with missed class and further fortifies the day’s exercises so it is for all time carved in the student’s mind where the data is put away and utilized when called upon. A few examinations have demonstrated that schoolwork, truth be told, improves the solidness of the understudy in school. This fortifies the explanation that time invested finishing schoolwork is energy all around spent. Instead of allowing understudies one more hour of relaxation time, doing schoolwork qualifies the understudy for an hour of advanced instruction. This can enormously profit the understudy, as reliably completing schoolwork will receive incredible benefits, for example, an ideal grade or report card. Not exclusively does schoolwork achievement advantage the understudy, it benefits the instructor too. Instructors get the chance to see at what stage the understudy is by appointing schoolwork. Besides, the instructor can distinguish the shortcomings of the understudy so they can enhance their examination propensities in order to pull their evaluations up. Numerous understudies decided not to state when they are encountering troubles and it is regularly dependent upon the educator to discover. Schoolwork isn't set out just to serve understudies, yet it is additionally unquestionably intended to assist instructors with picking up knowledge on their student’s progress. Besides, the importance and objective of schoolwork is beneficial towards the understudies. It permits understudies who missed the day’s exercise to find the remainder of their colleagues. In like manner, schoolwork strengthens the new ideas instructed that day and enables the understudy to build up a more profound comprehension of what they have realized. Despite what might be expected, if instructors somehow managed to relegate no schoolwork every day, at that point the new thoughts they have delivered will fail to receive any notice and the understudies are the ones who miss out on the wondrous chance of gaining some new useful knowledge. Is it true that you are prepared to surrender an open door where new ideas are presented and planted solidly inside your brain? It is suspicious to propose that schoolwork ought to be annulled. Albeit many may detest the notice of schoolwork, nobody can deny the way that homework’s benefits dominate its cons. To put it compactly, schoolwork ought not be annulled! It assists with time the executives and association abilities, permits educators the chance to discover their understudies shortcomings so they can assist them with improving and in conclusion, it assists with strengthening things instructed in school and help to increase a superior comprehension of the new thoughts and ideas educated, etching it inside understudies recollections until the end of time.

Understanding Inappropriate Affect

Understanding Inappropriate Affect Emotions Print Understanding Inappropriate Affect By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 10, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on September 10, 2019 Getty / Klaus Vedfelt More in Psychology Emotions Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Sleep and Dreaming In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Causes Diagnosis Relevant Conditions Symptoms Types Treatment Coping with Inappropriate Affect View All Back To Top Affect refers to the outward expression of a persons internal emotions. For most people, there is congruence between affect and circumstance; for example, if you are given the news that a friend has passed away, your reaction would be sadness and tears. However, for a certain percentage of the population, outward affect does not match the situation that they are in. This is known as inappropriate affect and can have a variety of causes. If you know someone who smiles during a tragedy or who does not show emotion when it would be expected, they may be experiencing inappropriate affect. To fully understand all the ramifications of inappropriate affect, we will consider in detail symptoms, causes, related conditions, diagnosis, coping, treatment, and related issues. Overview of Inappropriate Affect As noted, inappropriate affect involves the display of reactions that do not match the situation that you are in or possibly even your internal state. Emotions, actions, or overall demeanor that seem out of place in a situation all fall under the general umbrella term inappropriate affect. Inappropriate affect can be a symptom of different underlying physical or mental problems, but it can also be a disorder itself. Psychiatrists and other professionals have recognized inappropriate affect as a problem among patients for over 100 years, reporting events such as laughter or tears without any cause. In studying what we now know as schizophrenia in 1909,  Stransky  referred to intrapsychic ataxia as a condition involving a disturbance between thoughts and affect. In 1950,  Bleuler  noted that the clinical prognosis of schizophrenic patients displaying inappropriate affect was much poorer than those who did not. The 6 Types of Basic Emotions and Their Effect on Human Behavior Causes of Inappropriate Affect There are a number of different potential causes of inappropriate affect, but they fall under the categories described below. Brain Damage or Neurological Dysfunction Inappropriate affect can result from physical damage to the brain such as that happening due to a brain tumor, brain damage, dementia, brain injury, head trauma, etc. When inappropriate affect results from a structural brain problem, areas that are commonly involved include the limbic system, anterior cingulate cortex, and prefrontal cortex. Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders A second main cause of inappropriate affect is mental disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, etc. Often, these individuals have not lost the capacity for emotional reactions, but appear to have lost the ability to have them occur in a normal and expected way. This is because their affect is a reaction to their hallucinations or delusions and their assumptions about the reasons for other peoples actions. Instead, they may have strange reactions that dont seem to make sense to the outside observer. In this way, they show emotions and behavior that do not seem to be consistent with the reality of the situation, but they are in fact consistent with their internal experience of the situation. In schizophrenia, a type of inappropriate affect is sometimes called flat affect when it presents as a reduced expression of emotion. Psychological Factors There can also be other causes of inappropriate affect that is not due to brain damage or a mental disorder. In most of these cases, the person is capable of responding in a normal way, but for one reason or another does not. For example, a person in therapy may laugh while describing a difficult situation so as to control their emotions in a self protective way. Diagnosis of Inappropriate Affect If you are concerned that you are or someone you know is living with inappropriate affect, it is important to obtain a diagnosis from a licensed mental health professional. Your doctor can refer you to the necessary professionals, such as a neurologist, psychologist, or psychiatrist. The first step would generally be to rule out any physical or neurological condition causing the inappropriate affect. Often, inappropriate affect is a symptom of another disorder rather than a syndrome itself, so an assessment would be conducted for mental disorders that could be a potential cause as well. The severity of the problem would also be assessed, to determine where it falls in the range from mild to severe. Conditions Involving Inappropriate Affect Various conditions may be associated with inappropriate affect: Mental Disorders major depressive disorder schizophrenia schizoid personality disorder post-traumatic stress disorder schizoaffective disorder psychopathy depersonalization borderline personality disorder Neurological Conditions brain damage pseudobulbar affect autism dementia Alzheimers disease head trauma brain tumor multiple sclerosis Symptoms of Inappropriate Affect The specific symptoms of inappropriate affect will depend on the underlying cause and show up in terms of facial expressions, the tone of your voice, and the content of what you say. Below are some potential symptoms: uncontrollable crying even when not feeling sadrecognizing that your reactions are inappropriateemotions that do not match the reality of a situationshowing happiness during a tragedybecoming angry without any outward provocationflat affect or not showing expected emotional reactions (but not in the case of simply holding back emotions) Clearly, the specific types of symptoms experienced will depend on the underlying cause of the inappropriate affect. Types of Inappropriate Affect In addition to the broad symptoms of inappropriate affect, there are a number of specific categories within which symptoms can be grouped. Remember that inappropriate affect is simply that which does not match the situation or the internal emotional state of the person. The various types are listed below. Blunted Affect Blunted affect is a common symptom in schizophrenia and related disorders, and refers to a lowered level of the intensity of emotional expression. A person with blunted affect will show little feeling even in emotional situations. As an example, a person with blunted affect may tell a story about being in a car crash but talk little about how it made them feel, speak in a monotone, and not have many facial expressions. Restricted Affect Restricted affect is a reduction in ones expressive range. So, the person describing the car accident may show some feeling and emotion, but it is less than would be expected based on the content of what is being said. Flat Affect Flat affect refers to displaying absolutely no feeling or emotion regardless of the circumstances. This is a step below blunted affect in that it is completely devoid of emotional expression. Labile Affect A person with labile affect shows rapid changes in their emotions that dont seem to relate to any outside situations or seem to be inappropriate for the situation. In other words, if you have labile affect, you would display rapid and repeating shifts in mood or affect. A person with labile affect appears as though they do not have control over their emotions. This type of affect is seen often in neurological disorders such as pseudobulbar affect, in manic episodes during bipolar disorder, and in borderline personality disorder. Labile affect can also result from fatigue, stress/anxiety, and over-stimulation. Shallow Affect Shallow affect has a similar meaning to blunted affect, but it is often used to describe the emotional experience of persons with psychopathy. A person with shallow affect will feel little emotion about situations that would expect to elicit specific feelings. This means that things that cause most people to experience negative emotions do not have the same impact for psychopaths. As an example, American serial killer Richard Ramirez, also known as the Night Stalker, when sentenced to death, responded with, Big deal. Death always went with the territory. See you in Disneyland. Treatment of Inappropriate Affect The treatment for inappropriate affect depends on the underlying cause. Receiving proper treatment depends on an accurate diagnosis, which is why it is so important to visit a healthcare professional if you or someone you know is living with these types of symptoms. Most types of inappropriate affect will be treated with some form of medication depending on the severity of the symptoms. Even if psychotherapy is used, it is usually as an add-on to medication, because therapy alone often will not help to remediate the problem. Medications that may be used include antipsychotics (in the case of schizophrenia or psychosis), antidepressants or mood stabilizers (in the case of mood disorders or related issues), as well as a specific medication approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of pseudobulbar affect (a combination of dextromethorphan and quinidine). Helping Someone with Inappropriate Affect If you are a caregiver to a person experiencing inappropriate affect, it can be hard on you too. You may react negatively or defensively to the other persons behaviors, which can make the situation worse. You might also be confused by their behavior and not know how to react. Its important as a caregiver that you take time to get help for yourself as well. Support groups or other avenues for connecting with other people going through the same issues may be helpful. You could also consider talk therapy for yourself to learn best how to manage the situation and your own needs and emotions. Coping with Inappropriate Affect If you are living with inappropriate affect, it may be hard to know how to cope. Below are some suggestions on ways to minimize the impact of inappropriate affect on your life. If you have not already, visit a healthcare professional to determine the underlying cause of your inappropriate affect. This person will be able to recommend the appropriate treatment for your situation. If you have a neurological condition that causes you to react in inappropriate ways, it may be helpful to share this with persons close to you so that they can understand better what is happening. If you have schizophrenia or a related condition, its important to seek social support such as though a schizophrenia support group, to manage stress, get regular exercise, get enough sleep each night, avoid using substances such as alcohol, and eat healthy foods that can help to balance your moods. A Word From Verywell Are you or someone you know living with inappropriate affect? While this can be a debilitating condition because it affects every area of your life from work to social relationships, with the help of a healthcare professional, it is possible to reduce the impact on your life. Once you have your symptoms under control, all areas of your life should improve and your sense of control will increase. Whether you are prescribed medication and/or receive psychotherapy, its important to follow through with the prescribed protocol to ensure the best chance of success. Remember that even if you are feeling better, most conditions that require medication will involve taking this medication for the long-term. For this reason, you should always follow your doctors advice and never make treatment decisions on your own. Emotions and Types of Emotional Responses

Teen Suicide Research Essay - 3330 Words

Teenage suicide is a major issue in today’s society; suicide is the intentional taking of one’s own life and is a momentous issue that should be addressed as quickly as possible. Teen suicide has been the topic of numerous news headlines; yet, it still continues to have a detrimental effect on today’s youth. In the United States, suicide is currently the eighth leading cause of death for Americans, and for young adults between the ages of 15 and 24, suicide is the third leading cause of death. This is extremely startling due to the fact that teen suicide is one of the most preventable forms of death. There are quite a number of allegories and misguided common beliefs that surround the subject of teenage suicide. An example is that people†¦show more content†¦It is apparent that bullying has become a serious problem in today’s society. It affects people of all ages, and the results of bullying can be disastrous and devastating; suicide is just one of many examples of a consequence of bullying. We need to all come together and think of a plan that can help stop bullying. People don’t understand how terrible it feels to get bullied until it happens to them. We are the ones doing the bullying, whether it’s directly or indirectly, so it is up to us to put an end to it. As previously shown, there are quite a number of myths surrounding the topic of teenage suicide; when the myths are addressed and made clear, it is easier for people to get a better understanding of teen suicide and how to deal with it. Many people have come to believe that you cannot tell when someone is contemplating suicide. They also usually believe that suicide cannot be prevented and assume that every person that commits or has contemplated committing suicide was suffering from some form of depression. I know that I was one of these people before I began researching the topic of teenage suicide. These are common beliefs that are easy to accept a s true; however, just because they are common beliefs, it does not mean they are necessarily correct. People contemplating suicide usually always show warning signs of what they are planning. They typically give some type of warning that they are going to commit suicide before theyShow MoreRelatedThe Epidemic of Teen Suicide in America Essay1156 Words   |  5 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every year, thousands of youth die in the United States, not by cancer, car accidents, and other diseases, but by their own hand. These people make the choice that they want to die and they take their own life. Suicide, the term given to the act of killing oneself, is the third leading cause of death among people that are 15 to 25 years of age. It is estimated that 500,000 teenagers try to kill themselves during the course of one year. During the adolescent years, normal teenagers experienceRead MorePros And Cons Of Violent Video Games1148 Words   |  5 PagesPosition/Argumentative Essay Should teens be able to buy violent video games? No, teens should not be able to purchase video games that contain violent content. Violent video games in a person’s early years could result in much, much worse things later on in life. Studies show that violent video games could result in bullying, criminal activity, or in worse cases, suicide. Games that withhold violent scenes can result in bullying. Children will see what they are doing in their game, and think thatRead MoreThe Tipping Point Essay614 Words   |  3 PagesSummer Reading Essay In The Tipping Point, by Malcolm Gladwell, the tone clearly drives the strategy to be logos. Logos is an exceptional rhetorical strategy as it persuades the reader, not through the use of emotions and feelings, but rather through the use of logic and reasoning. There exists an energy in the style in which Gladwell writes that has the power to persuade the audience to believe what he believes in, the Tipping Point. Gladwell does not only give us his theory on how epidemicsRead MorePsychology And Science Of A Heterosexual And Homosexual Man Through The Course Of Nature Vs. Nurture1168 Words   |  5 PagesSimon LeVay, Roselli, Hamers, Sanders, Hansen. The perception of whether homosexuality conforms to the course of nature vs. nurture can influence the amount of scrutiny judged upon affected individuals. So, the purpose of this extended essay is to answer the research question of to what extent is there a biological basis with neurological structurally, genetically, hormonally, a nd prenatally behind male homosexuality and how an individual’s perception of this fact influences their behavior towardsRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy : A Growing Epidemic1733 Words   |  7 Pages Faith Garner October 19,2015 English 1010 Cause/ Effect Essay Mrs. McFadden Teenage Pregnancy: A Growing Epidemic Over the last five years, teenage pregnancy rates have increased substantially. According to Evelyn Kappeler, director of the Office of Adolescent Health, â€Å"One in four girls will become pregnant before the age of twenty.† (http://youth.gov/sites/default/files/2015TPPMonth_DirectorStatement.pdf) Teenage pregnancy is a growing problem that has now become a major epidemicRead MoreGay Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1415 Words   |  6 Pagesgender, they should be allowed to marry with each other (Eric). Legalizing gay marriage is granting same-sex couples the right to marry and would promote the separation of church and state, increase successful marriage rates and adoptions, decrease suicide, and ensure all American citizens have equal rights and opportunities. Gay marriages are currently illegal in the Unites States except in a few states. The prohibition of gay marriages is wrong because it is a prominent form of discrimination. NotRead MoreGay Marriage: Refutation Researched Argument1465 Words   |  6 Pagesgender, they should be allowed to marry with each other  (Eric). Legalizing gay marriage is granting same-sex couples the right to marry and would promote the separation of church and state, increase successful marriage rates and adoptions, decrease suicide, and ensure all American citizens have equal rights and opportunities. Gay marriages are currently illegal in the Unites States except in a few states. The prohibition of gay marriages is wrong because it is a prominent form of discrimination. NotRead MoreGambling Is A Big Problem911 Words   |  4 PagesGambling Essay Imagine a family member had a gambling problem and was never around to care for his family. Gambling is a big problem in the world today and people lose their money that way. The problems are money problems, health issues, and suicide risk. People always have problems with money problems because they will gamble until they have nothing left to gamble with. It’s a problem because all the money that people are spending could be going into stores so they can provide food and clothesRead MoreMexican Society in the eyes of Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim1118 Words   |  5 Pagesconflict theory of capitalism and Emile Durkheim’s structural functionalism theory of dynamic density. Both theories remain relevant today, and a correlation exists regarding the effect of social media on egoistic versus altruistic states of anomic suicide in present society. In summation of the article, the Mexican government investigated an incident that occurred in a Mexico City bistro in April involving allegations that Andrea Benitez, the Daughter of Humberto Benitez Trevino (the federal attorneyRead MoreI Graduate From Concordia University Essay1461 Words   |  6 Pagesto this program there are many application requirements, deadlines, and fees. In order to apply, one must submit a cumulative GPA, official transcripts, GRE scores in the math and verbal sections, three letters of recommendation, and an admission essay detailing academic interests and career goals, see Appendix A. Appendix B provides a detailed outline of the application form. The application fee is $50 with the application as a whole, due February 15. Faculty in the psychology department at

Is Marriage For White People - 1401 Words

In Ralph Richard Banks’ book entitled â€Å"Is Marriage for White People?† the definition of marriage varies from different cultures and views. The most popular and idealistic notion is that marriage is a result of the unconditional love of two people wanting to share this union for the rest of their lives, in a long committed way. For some however, marriage is more of an economic arrangement, like a pact for two people to catch each other when the other one falls. And for others, it is only a piece of paper that can be thrown away if not needed, or by simple saying, marriage is not important. This book stretches out to a lot of questions and ideas to most readers. Does marriage only work out for white people? Are marriages of other races not†¦show more content†¦He is happily married to his childhood sweetheart, Jennifer Eberhardt, a prominent social psychologist, and together with their three sons they reside in San Francisco Bay area. Banks admits that his decision to write this book is partly personal. He grew up belonging to the middle black class and had observed many hues of matrimonial relationship among that group, its fragility and success alike. He then incorporated interviews from approximately 100 people to find out their views and opinions on black marriage, â€Å"marrying out† or interracial marriage, having biracial children, the shortage of good black men as possible spouse, and marrying down which means marrying a man who is not in the same economic or education class as his wife. He wants to unravel the reason behind Why are middle class African American men and women so much less likely than their white counterparts to marry or stay married? The first half of the book walks you through the process and experiences of married life among black people in the United States. Black people are known to be very religious which is disagreeing with their lack of judgement and foundation for marriage. In the November 2010 study conducted by the Pew Research Center, they found out that half of black couples divorce in contrast to less than a third of white couples to do so. Why blacks are less likely to get married and more likely to be divorced? The racial gap in marriage

Apush Chapter 7 Vocab Free Essays

Republicanism – Political theory of representative government, based on the principle of popular sovereignty, with a strong emphasis on liberty and civic virtue. Influential in eighteenth-century American political thought, it stood as an alternative to monarchical rule. Radical Whigs- Eighteenth-century British political commentators who agitated against political corruption and emphasized the threat to liberty posed by arbitrary power. We will write a custom essay sample on Apush Chapter 7 Vocab or any similar topic only for you Order Now Their writings shaped American political thought and made colonists especially alert to encroachments on their rights. Sugar Act (1764) – Duty on imported sugar from the West Indies. It was the first tax levied on the colonists by the crown and was lowered substantially in response to widespread protests. Quartering Act (1765) – Required colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops. Many colonists resented the act, which they perceived as an encroachment on their rights. Stamp tax (1765) – Widely unpopular tax on an array of paper goods, repealed in 1766 after mass protests erupted across the colonies. Colonists developed the principle of â€Å"no taxation without representation† which questioned Parliament’s authority over the colonies and laid the foundation for future revolutionary claims. Stamp Act Congress (1765) – Assembly of delegates from nine colonies who met in New York City to draft a petition for the repeal of the Stamp Act. Helped ease sectional suspicions and promote inter-colonial unity Sons of Liberty – Patriotic groups that played a central role in agitating against the Stamp Act and enforcing non-importation agreements Daughters of Liberty – Patriotic groups that played a central role in agitating against the Stamp Act and enforcing non-importation agreements Declaratory Act (1766) – Passed alongside the repeal of the Stamp Act, it reaffirmed Parliament’s unqualified sovereignty over the North American colonies. Townshend Acts (1767) – External, or indirect, levies on glass, white lead, paper, paint and tea, the proceeds of which were used to pay colonial governors, who had previously been paid directly by colonial assemblies. Sparked another round of protests in the colonies. Boston Massacre (1770) – Clash between unruly Bostonian protestors and locally stationed British redcoats, who fired on the jeering crowd, killing or wounding eleven citizens. Boston Tea Party (1773) – rowdy protest against the British East India Company’s newly acquired monopoly on the tea trade. Colonists, disguised as Indians, dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston harbor, prompting harsh sanctions from the British Parliament. â€Å"Intolerable Acts† (1774) – Series of punitive measures passed in retaliation for the Boston Tea Party, closing the Port of Boston, revoking a number of rights in the Massachusetts colonial charter, and expanding the Quartering Act to allow for lodging of soldiers in private homes. In response, colonists convened the First Continental Congress and called for a complete boycott of British goods. First Continental Congress (1774) – Convention of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies that convened in Philadelphia to craft a response to the Intolerable Acts. Delegates established Association, which called for a complete boycott of British goods. Battles of Lexington and Concord (April 1775) – First battles of the Revolutionary War, fought outside of Boston. The colonial militia successfully defended their stores of munitions, forcing the British to retreat to Boston. Valley Forge (1777-1778_ – Encampment where George Washington’s poorly equipped army spent a wretched, freezing winter. Hundreds of men died and more than a thousand deserted. The plight of the starving, shivering soldiers reflected the main weakness of the American army—a lack of stable supplies and munitions John Hancock- wealthy colonial statesman whose fortunes were amassed by smuggling. Crispus Attucks- a freedman in the era of the abolitionist movement who was martyred in the Boston Massacre. George III- A good mofal man who proved to be a bad ruler, Earnest, industrious, stubborn, and lustful for power, he surrounded himself with cooperative â€Å"yes men† Samuel Adams – a â€Å"rebel† ringleader sought out by British during Battles of Lexington and Concord Thomas Hutchinson – Governor of Massachusetts at time of Boston Tea How to cite Apush Chapter 7 Vocab, Essay examples

Fashion Advertisment Effect on Women Essay Example

Fashion Advertisment Effect on Women Paper About two years ago one of my good friends struggled with self-confidence to an immense degree. It affected her daily life, friendships, and relationships. Being her best friend, I was always the one she vented to about her dissatisfaction, and it was constant. It got to a point where it was not very pleasant to be around her. She was always putting on pounds of makeup, switching out her outfits (because she thought she looked fat), and complaining that no guys ever noticed her. Dealing with the same things but on a much smaller level, I started to notice why all this dissatisfaction came upon us. We had just reached the stage where we were noticing all the media and it was taking a toll on us. With constant ads of flawless models in our faces we began to try to imitate this beauty but failed miserably. I came to the conclusion that the modeling industry bares a huge responsibility in providing realistic and healthy role models for young women because if only unrealistic, underweight models are constantly in the media, woman will come to believe these misconceptions of what beauty is, which then can affect their self-confidence in a negative manner. You may not fully be aware of what the modeling industry exactly does to these flawless pictures you constantly see. The artificial process a modeling industry uses to create an ad is hidden from the public. Jean Kilbourne’s film Killing Us Softly 4, she explains the process of making a fashion advertisement picture. The company begins by taking a model that has a body type â€Å"that fewer than 5% of American woman have,† and they Photoshop the picture. This is often done by taking several different pictures of models and taking, for example, the lips of one model and the legs of another model and morphing them together to make one person. We will write a custom essay sample on Fashion Advertisment Effect on Women specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Fashion Advertisment Effect on Women specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Fashion Advertisment Effect on Women specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In Kilbourne’s words, â€Å"four or five women get put together to look like one perfect women. † Ken Harris, a photo retouch-er, explained that a photo is worked on for multiple rounds, going from the retouch-ers to the client and the agency to continue the process of perfection. There is rarely ever a photograph of what is considered a beautiful woman that has not been Photoshoped. Cindy Crawford, a famous super model, has quoted â€Å"I wish I looked like Cindy Crawford† meaning that even the models do not look like themselves in photos. As if these models are not thin enough, the bodies of thin models are Photoshopped as well. This is interesting because â€Å"the body size of glamorous models is often more than 20% underweight. † (Amy Brown 1088). Kilbourne brings the example of the model Filippa Hamilton who was digitally altered to have her head larger than her pelvic bone which is physically impossible. With these perfected inhuman like photos constantly haunting us everywhere, it makes it hard for women to have confidence in their beauty and body because the media distorts it. No matter how hard we try, it is nearly impossible to achieve this beauty simply because it’s fake. Only computers can generate this kind of beauty. No wonder teenage girls are so emotional. Standards of beauty are shoved in their faces and it is impossible for girls to achieve them. Being exposed to these photos can do an abundance of damage to young girls. One example of a negative effect is the way young woman perceive their body image. Marika Tiggemann and Janet Polivy, explain a study they wrote, how one hundred and fourteen women were exposed to fashion magazines with thin, attractive women, leading the majority of candidates in the study feeling dissatisfied with themselves and a decreasing elevation of mood. Their results concluded how exactly the idealized media images translate into disapproval of one’s self. The same thing was proved in a study written by Gayle R. Bessenoff. â€Å"Exposure to thin-ideal advertisements increased body dissatisfaction, negative mood, and levels of depression and lowered self-esteem. †(Bessenoff 239) In Body Image, Media Effect on, Kristen Harrison breaks down the two terms: body image and well disordered eating. She explains research that has been done reveals: â€Å"exposure to the thin-body ideal leads to temporary decreases in self-esteem and increases in body and weight dissatisfaction, depression, and anxiety. Leon Festinger, who has done much research on the topic of body image, found in his studies â€Å"that people are driven to evaluate themselves through comparison with others. † (Harrison 80) As Festinger mentions, women judge themselves based on others expectations of them. Therefore, when women are constantly exposed to extremely thin, Photoshopped models in magazines, on the television, internet, and billboards, they begin to compare themselves to these images because the images are everywhere. Since no one is able to look like these models women began to feel bad about themselves for not having this â€Å"beauty† that is unattainable. This lack in self-confidence leads to changes in mood as Harrison mentioned. Then mood escalates into bigger problems such as eating disorders like anorexia and bulimia. The selection Body Image explains how the Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) defines eating disorders as aâ€Å"serious disturbances in eating behavior† that typically comes with â€Å"feelings of distress or extreme concern about body shape or weight. (Retzinger 52-53) She then explains how a study done at the University of Minnesota found that girls who often read magazine articles about dieting are more likely, to participate in extreme weight-loss measures during adulthood, such as vomiting, rather than girls who never read articles of that nature. This clearly shows that exposure to images of models is effective towards women as well as young girls. In the article titled, Super-skinny models drive seven-year-olds into anorexia, Dr. Jon Goldin is interviewed and explains how he has had a patients as young as 7, struggling with eating disorders due to the fashion trend of â€Å"stick thin models. † In my opinion, this is sickening that even children are being affected and not only young women. his is exactly why the world needs to have good role models in the media. Women and â€Å"young girls, of course are especially vulnerable† (Kilbourne 591) and desperate for someone to look up to. And to have women that are in the media in the current society is very much indeed toxic to women as seen in these examples. Although on the contrary, some argue that the media is not the lead causing factor of eating disorders. In an article called, Whos To Blame For Anorexic Children ,Benjamin Radford interviews a couple of doctors and scientists. They believe that the media plays a much smaller role in eating disorders than what society believes. Dr. Bryant-Waugh states that: â€Å"Models and other society influences are, in our experience, rarely a contributory factor to the development of eating and weight difficulties in young children. Then Radford uses the example of the movie Black Swan, which includes a very underweight Natalie Portman and how the public thought this would bring an uproar of anorexia, however there hasn’t been any evidence to prove that factor quiet yet. While that may be true in part, several studies have proven that the media has a huge effect on women as far as eating disorders. Radford claimed anorexia/bulimia is a â€Å"biological illness† however eating disor ders are rooted in self- image; therefore it is a psychological problem. Body image has been a problem for years and probably before the media was ever created. However the media influences young girls’ perceptions of how they should look like. Rather than in the past where women didn’t have constant images of what they should be looking like. This is exactly why body image is a problem in current society. Women are constantly reminded that they are not living up to the expectations. Through this evidence, it is clearly shown that the modeling agency should be providing healthy and realistic role models to young women. Right now the modeling agency is lacking in that area. Instead woman are provided with unhealthy, thin and Photoshopped models. In result to that, young girls and women are not being able to live up to these false expectations. From that comes terrible self-esteem, mood changes, depression, anxiety and of course anorexia/ bulimia. Now these are just a few of the many results. The way some of these models live their lives, is also a leading factor and should also be re-evaluated if young women are proven to look up to models. Just think about how many young women are dealing with bad relationships involving sex, drugs, alcohol and partying on top of self- esteem issues. Young girls are very vulnerable and confused of who they are at the age where they are affected by the media the most. Therefore, that is the time when a good role model is needed in their life the most and society has failed to provide that with their unattainably perfect models. Works Cited Bessenoff, Gayle R. Can the Media Affect Us? Social Comparison, Self-Discrepancy, and the Thin Ideal. Psychology of Women Quarterly (Sept. 2006): 239-251. ERIC. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. ;http://www. pierce. ctc. edu:2088/ 10. 1111/j. 1471-6402. 2006. 0292. x;. Brown, Amy, and Helga Dittmar. Think Thin and Feel Bad: The Role of AppearanceSchema Activation, Attention Level and Thin-Ideal Internalization For YoungWomen’s Responses To Ultra-Thin Media Ideals Journal of Social ; ClinicalPsychology 24. 8 (2005): 1088-1113. PDF file. Harrison, Kristen. Body Image, Media Effect on. Encyclopedia of Communication andInformation. Ed. Jorge Reina Schement. Vol. 1. New York: Macmillan ReferenceUSA, 2002. 79-81. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 1 Dec. 2011. Killing Us Softly 4. Jean Kilbourne. University of Massachusetts Amherst, Ma. 2010. Film Kilbourne, Jean. â€Å"Two Ways A Woman Can Get Hurt. † Rereading America. GaryColombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. Boston and New York,Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2010, pages 575-599, Print. Radford, Benjamin. Whos To Blame For Anorexic Children? Discovery News. N. p. , 9Aug. 2011. Web. 22 Nov. 2011. ;http://news. discovery. com/human -thin-modelsnot-to-blame-for-anorexia. html;. Retzinger, Jean. Body Image. The Media. Ed. Robin Andersen and Jonathan Gray. Vol. 1. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2008. 1-56. Battleground. Gale VirtualReference Library. Web. 1 Dec. 2011. Super-skinny models drive seven-year-olds into anorexia. Daily Mail. N. p. Sept. 2006. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. ;http://www. dailymail. co. uk/news/article-405874/Superskinny-models-drive-seven-year-olds-anorexia. html;. Tiggemann, Marika, and Janet Polivy. Upward and Downward: Social ComparisonProcessing of Thin Idealized Media Images. Psychology of Women Quarterly (Sept. 2010): 356-364. ERIC. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. ;http://www. pierce. ctc. edu:2088/10. 1111/j. 1471-6402. 2010. 1581. x;. Annotated Bibliography Retzinger, Jean. Body Image. The Media. Ed. Robin Andersen and Jonathan Gray. Vol. 1. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2008. 51-56 Battleground. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 25 Nov. 2011. This is a subject encyclopedia article. The article starts out explaining how people perceive their body image, and how it changes based on influences like the media. Then it briefly goes into the studies of average body weights in woman and models and how the history and culture of the body image conception came to be. This article could be very useful for my research paper because it gives a simple explanation on my topic in a pretty broad topic, pointing out all the areas I was hoping to cover in this assignment. It already has given me a clear explanation on the controversy of my topic, therefore it is a great source. Jean Retzinger the author of this article is a professor at University of California Berkeley who teaches in the communications department so, this shows this would be a credible source because she knows facts and doesn’t just base an article off emotional opinions. Harrison, Kristen. Body Image, Media Effect on. Encyclopedia of Communication and Information. Ed. Jorge Reina Schement. Vol. 1. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2002. 79-81. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 25 Nov. 2011 This is a subject encyclopedia article. This article focuses more so on eating disorders and how the media has caused that. They mention theories and research studies on both body image an d eating disorders. This article is very useful because it goes more into depth on the effect of the media on woman’s body image and research shown through trends and history. It gives me the distinction between body image and eating disorders which are two very different topics that I had not became aware of. This is a credible source because it includes many researchers’ names as well as theories that have great evidence to back it up as well as clear history. Brown, Amy, and Helga Dittmar. Think Thin and Feel Bad: The Role of Appearance Schema Activation, Attention Level and Thin-Ideal Internalization For Young Women’s Responses To Ultra-Thin Media Ideals Journal of Social Clinical Psychology 24. 8 (2005): 1088-1113. PDF file. This is a journal entry. This entry talks specifically on the further study of how thin media models have a negative impact on young womens body image, looking deeper into how quickly it affects woman and the anxiety it brings by exposing 75 women to advertisements. This document will be useful to prove my opinion in the essay because it will bring recent scientific studies as facts to persuade. Also bringing facts based opinions to the essay to show further evidence. This journal is very credible because it is an experiment used with a large group of woman. Not only is it one experiment but it is a further studied experiment to dig deeper. It also was written by two college professors at University of Sussex, England and they had cited credible sources and many of them. Media Influence. Rader Programs. N. p. , n. d. Web. 20 Nov. 2011 http://www. raderprograms. com/causes-statistics/media-eating-disorders. html. This is a webpage document. It starts off with a brief introduction explaining the opinion on how the media has influenced problems such as anorexia and bulimia, and it then goes into lists of statistics on ieting, body image, models, and television and movies. Also it gives suggestions on how we can slowly change societies view. This site will be very useful for my paper because it provides many statistics rather than just a bunch of writing about a subject. This information however isn’t as high of credibility as the sources before mainly because there was many facts, but no written sources of where all these facts come from. Also there was no authors or names written down, just the website name. Super-skinny models drive seven-year-olds into anorexia. Daily Mail. N. p. Sept. 2006. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. http://www. dailymail. co. uk/news/article-405874/Super-skinny-models-drive-seven-year-olds-anorexia. html. This is a webpage journal document. This article is about doctors, teachers and current models opinions on the waiflike models effect on young girls. This will be useful to my paper because it provides doctors opinions on how the media is effecting young women’s health, while also bringing current models who disagree with the whole waiflike look opinions and explanations of what they see behind the scenes. This article has semi credibility because even though it brings opinions of a successful doctor, model and teacher, it is only includes 3 opinions. But if it was a larger group of opinions it would make the article much more credible. Radford, Benjamin. Whos To Blame For Anorexic Children? Discovery News. N. p. , 9 Aug. 2011. Web. 22 Nov. 2011. http://news. discovery. com/human -thin-models-not-to-blame-for-anorexia. html. This is a webpage journal document. This article was more so on how there is much more to eating disorders than just being the media’s fault. The article included eating disorder expert’s quotes as well as current examples of how the media hasn’t affected woman as much as other factors like friends, family and the media. This article will be useful to my essay because it brings counter arguments to the table and shows opposing opinions to this topic. Under the article it included reader’s opinions and with reading that, it helped me to develop a good argument to this subject. This article has semi credibility because it is a very brief article and doesn’t go into much detail like the reference books do. However it does give brief quotes on researcher’s